Manufacture of articles having a systematic resemblance to a pattern



E. l. PRINDLE.

MANUFACTURE 0F ARTICLES'HAVING A SYSTEIVIATIC RESEI'VIBLANCE T0 A PATTERN.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 29, 1918.

Patented Dec. M, 1929.,

E. I. PIIIIIDI.

MANUFACTURE 0F ARTICLES HAVING A SYSTENIATIC RESEIVIBLANCE T0 A PATTERN.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 29, 1918.

1,36%, 184%, Patented Dec. 14., 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

4% l III IHM" IIIIIII" IIIIIIIW\\Hl 3g @Id E. J. PRINDLE.

IVIANUFACTURE 0F ARTICLES HAVING A SYSTENIATIC RESEMBLANCE T0 A PATTERN.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 29, 191B. I 1,362,184, Patented Dec. 14, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES EDWIN J. PRINDLE, or Easfr GRANGE, NEW JEEsEv, assIeNoR, MENTS, To Fira-EMPIRE noUBLE river Las-T ooivrranv, on

CORPORATION OF MAINE.

rarest orifice.

BY IIESNE ASSIGN- AUB'UR-N, MAINE, A.

MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES HAVING A SYSTEMATIC RESEMBLANCE T0 A PATTERN.

i ,scarse Application filed April 29, 1918@ To @ZZ t0 hom 'it 'may conce/m.'

Be it known that l, EDWIN J. PRINDLE, a citizen of the United States, residing at llast ullrange, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain Improvements in the Manufacture of Articles llav-l ing a Systematic Resemblance to a Pattern, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a speciiication, like reference characters on the drawings indicating like parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to pattern copying, or the production of objects having a syf` tematic resemblance to a pattern used a guide or templet, and is disclosed as embodied in a last lathe. Many of the principles and `features of the invention are of broad application to the entire class of pattern copying machinery including the pro duction of objects having less than three diA mensions, such, for example, as patterns tor soles, shoe uppers, clothing, etc., and accordingly l do not intend that all of the appended claims shall be limited in scope to pattern reproducing machinery7 of the last making or even of the three-dimensional type, and I have therefore in many oit the claims, used words and terms in a generic ense as applying to the broad class of machinery of the pattern reproducing type.

It is well known that the width grading mechanism used on last lathes has been unsatisfactory in very important respects. It is substantially pantographic in its action, multiplying all perpendicular distances from the grading axis which in these machines is the axis of rotation of the model to its surface by a factor constant throughout the turning. The model is suspended on centers engaging its heel and toe tip, and in cutting lasts wider than the model the toe spring, which is the .vertical distance between the bottom ot the ball and the toc tip, is increased progressively as the last being cut becomes wider.

F or instance, the 4B model is 7115 inches in perimeter at the ball. rlhe LEE last is Selfinches in perimeter, and therefore about finch greater in thickness, at this point. T he diilerences between the LEE and the all; may perhaps be most easily seen by regarding the latter hung inside the former, upon homologous axes (which will be pret- Speccaton of Letters Patent. PgUt-@Hted De 14: 1920 Serial No. 231,340;

erably their axes or' rotation in the lathe) and by considering the material which isv added to the 4B by the width grader to make the LEE. This material is added by multiplying each radius of the 4B, taken perpendicular to the aXis of rotation, by a constant in order to get the corresponding ramas of the .lt-EE. Since the axis of rotation passes through the ball portion near the top oit the last, the greater part of this ,linch is added on the bottom. The axis of rotation passes through l'the toe, which is therefore reproduced n site. The bottom ot the heel, being closer to the axis than the ball, is not dropped as tar as the bottom ot the ball. The result of keeping one end ot the bottom profile ixedand moving an internalpoint of it more than the other end is the ci ation ot a general increase in the curvature of the bottom profile taken as a whole. Since the "bottom of the ball rests on the ground, this is especially visible in the t'orepart, giving rise asfstated to an exaggerated toe so ing or distance from the Hoor line to t e toe tip. The difficulty, though generally spoken of in these terms is, however, fundamentally one of the entire treach and theditliculty in the instep is perhaps even more important anatomically than that in the toe. The reverse diiiiculty occurs in the case of llast-s narrower than the model.

Such variations .in lasts do not correspond to any natural variations in the feet they are intended to fit, since the toes or wide feet do not sturn up in correspondence with the increasing toe spring ot wide lasts, and vice versa. This difficulty has heretoi'ore been dealt with in two ways. 'Qns practice has been to increase the heights of the heels ot the wide shoes, in orner to diminish the toe spring. This simply treats a symptom an( does not reach the root of the dilliculty, since the faulty bottom profile remains unchanged, and the shoe not having the design requisite for a high heel, is nevertheless tipped up on one.

Another practice adopted 4bynmkers of' lasts for use in the best shoes, has been to use a number of models in turning the set of lasts. Some last makers make by hand three models in every width and use the .vidth grader only (for instance) in grading the 8B, /l-B and 5B lastsirom the 4Bmodel.

The 6B, 7B and SB lasts will be cut from a 7B model; the 3C, 4C and 5C lasts will be cut from a 4C model, and so on. This practice is obviously expensive, and the need of a method or procedure which will produce a series of graded lasts conforming suitably to the feet they are to fit, and more specifically, of a machine which will produce them from av single model which may be called a universal machine has long been recognized.

Y My invention in this specific aspect is di- Y rected to the control of the profiles of graded the following specific illustration of the ag-V plication of my invention to the solution of the special problem stated above. lt is obvious that if a wide last of ordinary shape lshould be produced from a model, and if its forepart should then be sawed into thin laminas preferablyV perpendicular to its long axis, and if these laminee in the ball and instep portions were then systematically relatively displaced so as to lift them by progressively diminishing amounts proceeding each way from the ball, a last would be formed having the same lateral cross-section at every point and hence having the same widthf but having its longitudinal verti cal profile flatter on the bottom than before. Such a last, while giving the desired footroom, would not entail in the shoe the objectionable drop at the ball which has been described.

Vilhile it is of advantage merely to displace relatively such laminas, and indeed, a distinct at vantage results even from treating the difficulty as a matter oftoe spring' alone, and relatively displacing only laminas in front of the ball, a completely successful solution of such a problem must consider the entire tread profile of the last, and must deal individually with each point in it.

My invention therefore contemplates broadly the production in the work of pantographically or otherwise reproduced sections of a model relatively displaced preferably in any arbitrary desired manner. rlhis Vmay be more specifically stated as the production of pantographic reproductions of model sections shifted or displaced upon one another 1n order preferably at an arbitrarily variable rate or by amounts arbitrarily predeterminable at all points throughout the series of reproductions so shifted.

Considered in another aspect the invention contemplates the relative shifting of the model and work or the shifting of one of them alone relatively transversely to a grading axis with respect to which a grading mechanism is arranged to magnify or reduce diderential elements of the model. These differential elements are, for example, sections, strips or laminas of the model which can be regarded as being pantographically reproduced by the grading mechanism. ln the machine aspect of the invention, an iinportant feature is comprised in means for the effecting of such relative shifting of model work and grading axis. ln the illustrated machine, which is for the reproduction of solid objects, the model is shifted u on the @radin axis which is here the axis e g v of revolution, by a cam arranged in relation to that axis, to produce the desired shift when the lamina related to any particular point of the axis is reached by the reproducing mechanism.

Considering the invention from the standpoint of apparatus by means of which its novel methods may be performed in the production of solid objects, l contemplate broadly the presentation of a model and a block to the model wheel and cutter respectively of a last lathe, and the effecting of a change, preferably at an arbitrarily variable rate, in the rotational relations of these four objects during the cutting of a last. ln the machine shown in the drawings, by means of which the invention may be practised and which physically embodies an important part of the invention, means is provided for moving the model relatively to its axis of rotation during the turning.

Thus sections of the model to be reproduced are shifted absolutely and relatively out of their normal positions in an arbitrarily variable manner, from point to point` and are therefore reproduced in the block in like absolutely and relatively shifted position, by the machine shown, as will be more fully explained.

These and other features of the invention will. be further apparent from the following description of its practice by means of a preferred machine embodying the machine aspect of it, it being understood that the scope of the appended kclaims is not to be determined by the structure or function of the machine shown in the drawings, this being` merely one of a number of possible machines by which my invention may be practised, selected for purposes of illustration.

In the accompanying drawings, Y

Figure l is a partial front elevation of a last turning lathe, having anV embodiment of my invention applied thereto;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of F ig. 1;

F ig. 3 is a detail sectional view through the head stock spindle, the dog and adjacent parts;

F ig. a is a plan view of the front end of the head stock spindle and the dog;

Fig. 5 is a plan view ot the model carriage and parts for actuating the parts which shirt the dog;

Fig. 6 is a plan view of another form of cam bar, and

Fig. '7 is a diagrammatic illustration of the type ot result accomplished by the invention.

1 have shown my invention applied to the ordinary Blanchard or last turning lathe, but it is capable of being applied to any lathe tor turning lasts. 1 have illustrated only so'much of such a lathe as is necessary to understand my invention.

The model wheel carriage 1 travels along the bed 2 upon a guide 3. The model wheel 1, as usual is mounted upon the carriage. rilhe grading mechanisms are of ordinary construction. Brackets 4 rise from the bed and support the pivots 5, from which the ordinary swing trame 5 hangs and upon which it swings. The model 6 is supported upon a head stock dog 7 and a dead center 8. The head stock spindle 9 is, as usual, mounted in bearings in the swing trame and is rotated by a spur gear 10, engaged by a pinion 11. The head stock .spindle carries a member 12 having a slide 13 dove-tailed into it, so that the slide may move up and down in the member. The slide carries a screw stud 1st upon which is screwed the usual head stock dog 7 which is adapted to engage the heelv end ot the model.

lllithin the head 2 is a cavity 15 having a bell crank lever 16 mounted upon a tulcrum 1T and having a linklS connecting the horizontal arm of the bell crank lever with the slide rllhe slide 13 sufficiently overlaps the edges of the cavity, so that .it always covers the opening into the cavity in every position and thus prevents Achips or sawdust from getting into the cavity. The vertical arm of the bell crank lever is pivoted to a rod 20, passing through a bore or hole through the center ot the head stock spindle, which bore is larger than the rod to perd mit freedom of movement, but is closed by a plug 21 at its rear end that both excludes the dust and forms a bearing for the rod. At its rear end the rod 20 is swiveled to the vertical arm 22 of a bell crank lever. In the form shown the swivel consists oi a sleeve 23 on the rod which has a groove 24 that is engagedby pins 25, carried by a yoke at the lower end ei the said vertical arm and bell crank lever.

The bell crank lever is Ltulcrumed to a bracket 26 fastened to the swing frame. The horizontal arm 27 of the bell crank lever is pivoted to a vertical rod 28, which extends along the upright of the swing trame to the level of the pivot 5 and is there pivoted to the front arm 29 of a lever which is ulcrumed at 30 upon a bracket secured to the upright 4. rlhe rear arm 31 of the said lever is pivoted to a vertical rod 32, which at its lower end is pivoted to the horizontal arm 33 ot a bell crank fulcrumed on the upright 4 and whose vertical arm 34C is pivoted to a bar 35 that extends horizontally torward through a bearing in the bracket 36 on l the frame. The said bar carries two pinsV 37 which straddle a cam rib 38 formed on a slide 39 that is dove-tailed into the carriage 1 parallel to the line ofV movement of the carriage. The slide 39 can be fastened at any desired point by a thumb screw 40.

l have so constructed the parts that the pivot between the arm 29 and the rod 28 is substantially co-axial with the pivot 5 of the swing frame, so that the motion oil the swing frame will not cause perceptible movement of the dog 7.

ln practising my invention it will be generally preferable, broadly speaking, to raise the ball portions of a wide last being out byamounts gradually diminishing' toward the toe and the rear part of Athe-instep. This means that the corresponding sections ot' the model must be raised in the same way while the cuttingI is being done in the 1nachine shown. This will be accomplished by raising the heel while the cutting proceeds trom the toe to the ball, and lowering it while thecutting proceeds from the ball toward the rear of the instep, so that it reaches normal position, or substantially so, before the heel is reached. The heel and perhaps a rear portion of the instep will be cut substantially according to the old practice. This may be accomplished by properly shaping the cam 38. An illustrative case will be discussed.

Suppose it desired to cut a last having its lateral dimensions 1.1 times those of the model. and havingl the same sole proiile. ln Fig. 7 the full line lf-l, all represents the model. ln order to determine the position in the lathe et the bottom profile of the last cut. it must he remembered that the model is hung by its tip and the middle ot its heel, and consequently the heel seatwill be lowered relative to its airis of rotation by the magnification. while the toe tip will not. The position et the reproduced bottom profile can therefore be determined by revolvimi; the sole proiile diaround the toe tip el@ as center until the heel seat #le has dropped to 1.1 the distance ot the heel seat 50 from the axis 52. This gives the sole profile 54C ot' the last to be cut as related to the axis 52, now considered as the axis of the block. he instantaneous center around which any section ot the model must rotate at the instant Y point c is determined by the necessity of reproducing the point b, which is ab distant v from the axis Vof rotation of the model, at the point c Which is ac distant from the axis of rotation ofthe block. The grading ratio being 1.1', We must have avc n el) ri (i) The distance a0 being known by the preliminary assumption as to the result to be produced, the length e?) is givenby the above equation, and the point e therefore determined.

lt is interesting to knou1 what the form of the rest of the last will be. The point f likewise reproduced at (Z, Where al is given by the relation bz:1.1 (2) 6f This gives the upper profile 57 of the last produced.

The locus of the points c is shown at A line g dravvn from theV toe tip i6 through any point e Will intersect the vertical at the end ofthe heel in a point 7i. which represents the required displacement'ot the heel dog` 7 from the axis 52 for this instant of the reproduction. These displacements.com puted through the mechanism of the lathe` Will give the shapeiof the cam 38, the general shape of Which is shown in Fig. f5.

rlhe shape of the locus 58 in Fig. 7 shows that the model returns to its normal axisl of revolution during the cutting. This is the reason for the preliminary assumption as to the position of the line 54;. A cam could be formed according to the above method, which would reproduce the line 54 in coincidence vvith the line il. Some distortion` f5 however, results from the tipping ot the model around the point 46, and there Will be, on the Whole, more tipping' of the model if 54 and le are to coincide. This distortion is due to the fact that when the model is tipped by continually varying amounts, the sections reproduced aienot all exactly parallel, Whereas their reproductions in the block are parallel. The model sections are, however, substantially parallel since the maxi mum displacement of the heel dog .vill be quite small.

This distortion can be avoided by moving` both ends of the model simultaneously so as to keep it always parallel to itself, and l regard such procedure as Within the scope of v my invention. This can be etected by the duplication of the elements 29, 28 etc. through 18,' in connection with the toe dog 8, the pivot 30 being lengthened out to form a rockshaft; Such mechanism broadly is the prior invention of another and is therefore not claimed herein. The cam shown in Fig.

`5 is so designed as to hold the dog` 7 in its normal position during the cutting of the toe (38a) to shift the dog` during the cutting of the instep (38") and to hold it immovable during the cutting of the heel (38C). This cam Will bend dovvn the shank and diminish the heel spring in the last cut. A perfectly straight cam as 38a will cause the lathe to cut in the ordinary Way throughout the last.

lt Will be noticed that that portion of the locus 58 Which extends from the point lo to the portion i, at the ball, is nearly straight, that is, that the heel dog 7 remains very close to l1, durin` all the cutting from the toe to the ball. closely approximate result may therefore be produced by forming Y the cam 38 With its beginning portion Vorder to raise the bottom of the ball just enough so that the Width grading magnification will put it back in the same position in the block relative to the axis of the block which it originally occupied in the model relative to the original or main axis of the model. ln other Words, the distance from the bottom of the ball to the main axis of the model must be divided by the width `grading ratio in order to obtain the position of the instantaneous axis of revolution for the ball section. rlhe point h must then loe so placed as to lift the point thus found into the axis of the lathe. The remainder of the cam will then be designed as above explained in order to produce the outline desired from the ball to the heel. Y

rlike method explained above is perfectly general. The outline 54 may be any outline Whatever. All that is necessary is to determine the position of the outline in the lathe inthe completed block, Vand then to determine the series of centers of rotation for the successive model sections in order to produce it.

Another aspect of the phenomenon produced by the invention is the effective shifting of transverse laminee of the model which are being traversed by the model Wheel. These are moved absolutely relatively to their normal position, and are also moved relatively to one another. In the machine shown, the rate ofV their relative shift, or the diierential of their relative movement throughout the series of the shifted laminae is entirely arbitrary, being predetermined in magnitude and direction at any instant by the design oil" the cam 58.

Still another aspect of the result accomplished by my invention is the generation, in the block, of pantographically reproduced sections oit the model, differentially shifted upon one another, entirely irrespective ot the movement oi;l the corresponding sections in the model Which, in themachine shown, produces them, and I regard any method of producing this result, which is included by the appended claims, as Wit-hin the scope of my invention. To illustrate: A model might be saived into laminas, the laminas might then be fastened together in relatively shifted position according to any profile whatever, and the reshaped model placed in the ordinary lathe and copied according' to the ordinary practice.

Indeed, many embodiments or' my invention are possible. 'I he shifting of the model which effects the desired modification ot the action oi the Width grader on the block may take the form of moving either end ot the model in the proper direction, or of moving both ends of the model simultaneously in the same or in opposite directions, lso that it ma] tip more or less rapidly or may remain alivagf's parallel to itself, during the cutting. The effect desired maybe also produced by shitting the bloclr instead oi the model, or

by shifting bot-h simultaneously. It is only necessary that the lsimilarity ot their relations to the mechanisms that engage them (the model Wheel and cutter) be varied during the cutting, and this may indeed he accomplished by shifting either one oi" the four. I regard any such arrangement coming Within the terms ot my claims as within the scope ot my invention.

My invention is not limited in its practice to lasts in which the magnification ratio is rlitlerent 'from unity. In crise the wirflth er is set at zero, a last oi the same Width ze model but with dilierent toe spring can lio produced. I intend that the Word pautogafraphic shall be construed as iucludi the magnilication ratio ot' unity.

rIhe ivord variable or terms similar to it, should. not be understood as limited to the meaning continuously variable. I intend that such terms shall imply merely that the thing to which they are applied shall have different values at at least two different times or places, and that it may pass il'rom one value to a different one continuously or discontinuously. rIhe angles in the cam 38 shown in Fig. b would produce discontinuous changes in the rate of shift, tor example.

I intend lthat the Words last lathe and words referring to its parts in the claims shall be construed generically as referring to the corresponding instrumentalities of machinery for reproducing plane or solid ilorms 'from models or patterns, including machines for producing patterns for articles of clothing, and pantographic reproducing mechanism in general.

Having described. the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is l. In a last lathe, means for' rotating a model and a bloclc.` and means for pantographically reproducing in the block sections o't the model, and for shifting such reproduced sections upon one another as they are formed at a rate which may vary and is arbitrarily predeterminable at any point during the cutting oi the last.

2. In a last lathe, means for rotating a model and a bleclr, and means for pantographically reproducing in the block sections o'l' the model, and for shitting` such reproduced sections upon one another as they are formed at a rate automatically variable during the cutting ot the last.

3. In a last lathe, means for rotating a model and a block, and means tor pantographically reproducing in the blocl sections ol the model, and for shifting such reproduced sections upon one another as they are formed at a rate variable during the uninterrupted cutting of the last.

li. In a last lathe, means tor holding a model and a block, and means for pantographically reproducing` in the block sections taken from the model in substantial parallelism, and a cam and connections for shitting such reproduced sections upon one another as they are formed automatically at a rate which may vary and is arbitrarily predeterminable at any point of the model.

5. In a last lathe, means for holding a. model and a block, and means for panto- C@"aphically reproducing in the block sections taken 'from the model in substantial parallelism, and for shitting Vsuch reproduced sections upon one another as they are formed at an automatically variable rate.

6. In a last lathe means i''or holding a model and a block. and means :tor panto- ,frraphically reproducing in the block sections talren from the model in substantial parallelism, and a cam and connections ior shitting such reproduced sections uponione another 'as they are formed with a variable acceleration.

In a last lathe, means for holding a model and a block, and Ameans for pantographically reproducing in the block sections taken from the Ymodel in substantial parallelism, and means for automatically shifting such reproduced sections upon one another in order during their formation, at a variable rate.

8. In a last lathe, means for holding a model and a block, and means for pantographically reproducing in the block sections taken from the model in substantial parallelism, andl for automatically shitting such reproduced sections upon one another in order during their formation at a controllable rate.

9. In a machine of the class described, means forlrelatively displacing sections of a model by arbitrarily varying amounts and means for pantographically reproducing such sections in the Work.

10. In a machinejof the class described, a and connections for differentially shifting sections of a model by arbitrarily varying amounts .and means i'or pantographically reproducing such sections in the Work.

V11. In a machine of the class described, means for continuously shifting sections of a model upon one another in order at a rate Which may vary and is predeterminable at any point in themodel and means for pantographically reproducing such sections in the Work.

12. In a machine of the class described, model controlling means for automatically relatively shifting sections of a model taken in order, upon one another at a rate which may vary and is predeterminable at any point oi the model, and means for pantographically reproducing such sections in a block..V

13. In a machine of the class described, means Jfor relatively shifting sections of a model taken in order by predeterminedly variable amounts and means for pantographically reproducing such sections in aV 1l. Ina machine of the class described, connections between the model and the main drive for automatically continuously shifting sections of a model upon one another in order at a variable acceleration, and means for pantographically Vreproducing such sections in a blockx 15. In a machine of the class described, an irregular control Vmechanism for automati- Y cally relatively shifting sections of a model taken in order by. predeterminedly vvariable amounts and means for pantographically reproducing such' sectionsin a block.

16. In a machine of the class described,-

Ineans for automatically relatively shifting sections or a model taken morder at a rate independently and simultaneously predeterminable for all points of the model and for pantographically reproducing such sections in a block.

17. In a last lathe, guiding and cutting instrumentalitieS, model holding mechanism and block .holdingmechanism, constructed and arranged to presenta model and a block to these instrumentalities respectively in similar relations, and means for varying the similarity of these relations at a rate independently and simultaneously predeterminable at all points during the cutting of a last.

18. In a last lathe, guiding and cutting instrumentalities, model holding mechanism and block holding mechanism comprising dogs, constructed and `arranged to present a model and a block to these instrumentalities respectively in similar relations, and a dog shifting means for varying the similarity of these relations at an acceleration variable `automatically during the cutting of a last.

19.*In a last lathe, guiding and cutting instrumentalities, model holding mechanism and block holdingmechanism, constructed and arranged to present a model and a block to these instrumentalities respectively in similar relations, and means for varying the similarity of these relations at a rate independently predeterminable at all points during the uninterrupted cutting of a last.

20. In a. last lathe, guiding and cutting instrumentalities, mechanism for rotating and presenting a model and block to said instrumentalities respectively and means for varying at a rate Vvariable during the cutting of a last the relation of one of said objects to its rotational axis.

21. In a last lathe, guiding and cutting instrume-ntalities, mechanism i'or rotating and presenting a model and block to said instrumentalities respectively anda cam and connections for varying at a rate automatically variable during the cutting of a last the relation of one of said objects to its rotational axis.

22. In a last lathe, guiding and cutting instrumentalities, mechanism for rotating and presenting a model and block to said instrumentalities respectively andY means for compounding motion ."With the motion engendered by saidmechanism tor automatically varying ata rate non-uniform during the cutting of a last the relation of one of said objects to its rotational axis. A

23. In a last lathe, a model Wheel, va cutter, mechanism for presenting a model and block to said wheel Vand cutter respectively,

' and rotating them about longitudinal axes,

of said Amodel o-r said'block about an axisV substantially perpendicular to said longione another at a rate arbitrarily variable through the seriesV of those shifted.

42. That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which consists in producing ina block pantographic reproductions of successive substantially parallel sections of a model, the reproductions being shifted upon one another at a rate automatically variable throughout the series.

43. That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which consists in producing in a block pantographic reproductions of successive sections of a model and shifting them uponV one another at a rate automatically variable throughout the series, the directions ofshift before and behind the ball being opposed.

44. That improvement in the art ofmanufacturing lasts whichconsists in producing in a block pantographic reproductions of substantially parallel sections of a model in succession, and raising those in oneY portion of the last thus formed by arbitrarily vary- V ing amounts.

45. That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which consistsin relativelyV parallel sections of a model and arrangingl them in order along an arbitrary profile.

48. In a machine of the class described, means for holding a model and a block, and means for pantographically reproducing substantially parallel sections of the model and for placing themin order upon an arbitrary profile.

49. In a machine of the class described,

means which continuously shifts sections of a lmodelV upon one another in order at a variable rate, Vand means for pantographically reproducing such sections in a block.

Oj'ln a machine of the class-described, means capablev of continuously shifting sections of a model upon one another in order at a variable rate, and means Vfor pantographically reproducing such sections in a block. Y

51. That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which consists in presenting a block to a cutter and a model to a guide, governing the relation between the cutter and block by that between the model and guide to reproduce the model section by section, and causing variations in the relations between the four objects independent of the ieproductional relative movements to effect an arbitrary relative shift between reproduced sections parallel to the sections.

52. ln a machine of the class described, model and bloclr holding instrumentalities, model and block following instrumentalities, means for causing relative movement between the block and its following linstrumentalities to effect a pantographic repro-' duction of the model, section by section, and

a cam and connections for combining with.

such movement a movement effecting an arbitrary relative shift between the reproduced sections. v Y

, 53. In .a pattern copying machine, a grading mechanism for magnifying or reducing differential elements of the model in relation to a grading axis, and means for shifting the model transverse Vto the grading axis to relatively displace reproduced elements according to an arbitrary predetermined law. Y

54. ln a pattern copying machine, a grading mechanism for magnifying or reducing differential. elements ofthe model in relation to a grading axis, and a cam and connections for relatively shifting the model and work in relation to the said aXis.

55. ln' a pattern copying machine, a grading .mechanism for magnifying or reducing differential elements of the model in relationto a grading axis, and a cam longitudinally related to the said axis for shifting the model transverse to the axis.

i `56. In a pattern copying machine, a grading mechanism for magnifying or reducing dierential elements of the model in relation to a grading axis, anda cam longitudinally related to the said axis for effecting a relative shift of the model and work transverse to said'aXis. s y

57. ln a pattern copying machine, means for holding a model and a work piece, and means for systematically reproducing in the work sections of the model and shifting any desired portion of such reproducedsections relatively to one another at an arbitrarily variable rate as they are formed.

58. In a vpattern copying machine, means for holding a model and a workpiece, and a grading mechanism Vand connections for pantographically reproducing in the work sections taken from the model and for automatically shifting such reproduced sections relatively to one another at an arbitrarily variable rate as they are formed.

59. In a pattern copying machine, means for holding a model and a work piece, and means for systematically reproducing in the work piece sections taken from the model and for shifting such reproduced sections relatively to one another as they are formed, at a rate which may vary and is arbitrarily predeterminable at every point of the work.

GO. VThat improvement in the art of pattern copying which consists in producing in a work piece systematic reproductions of substantially parallel sections of the model differentially and non-geometrically shifted relatively to one another at a rate which may vary and is arbitrarily predeterminable at all points of the work.

6l. That improvement in the art of copy turning which consists in automatically reproducing in a work piece pantographic reproductions of successive substantially parallel sections of a model and shifting them relatively to one another differentially, the rate of shift varying arbitrarily in different parts of the work.

62. That improvement in the art of manufacturing solid bodies which consists in presenting a block to a cutter and a model to a guide, governing the relation between the cutter and block by that between the model and guide to reproduce the model section by section, and causing variations in the relations between the four objects independent of the reproductional relative movements to effect a relative shift between reproduced sections at a rate which is arbitrarily predeterminable at all points of the work.

G3. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, model and block holding instrumentalities, model and block following instrumentalities, means for causing relative movement between the block and its following instrumentalities to effect a pantographic reproduction of the model, section by section, and connections for combining with such movement a movement effecting a relative shift between the reproduced sections at a rate which is arbitrarily predeterminable at all points of the work.

64. In a three-dimensional pattern copy,n ing machine, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being pantographically controlled by the relation be- -tween the model holder and model wheel;

and means for effecting a relative movement between a said controlled and a said controlling element to eect relative shifting between differential elements in the reproduction, at a rate which is arbitrarily predeterminable at all points of the work.

65. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, a model holder, a model wheel,

a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block hold-er and cutter being pantogra} )hically controlled by the relation be` tween the model holder and model wheel; and a driving mechanism for effecting a relative movement between a said controlled and a said controlling element to effect relative shifting between differential elements in the reproduction at a rate which is arbitrarily predeterminable at all points of the work.

G6. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being pantographically controlled by the relation between the model holder andmodel wheel; and driving mechanism ior causing a movement of one of the said elements independent of its behavior incident to the pantographio reproduction, at a rate which is arbitrarily predeterminable at all points of the work.

67. In a machine of the class described, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder' and cutter being controlled by the relation between the model holder and model wheel; supporting and operating mechanism for relatively moving said elements to effect pantographic reproduction, and a driving mechanism intermediate between one of said elements and the supporting and operating mechanism to effect relative shifting between differential elements in the reproduction, at a rate which is arbitrarily predeterminable at all points of the work.

68. In a machine of the class described, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter', the relation between the block holder and cutter being pantographically controlled by the relation between the model holder and model wheel, supporting and operating mechanism for relatively moving said elements to efi'ect reproduction of differential elements and a mobile connection intermediate between one of said elements and the supporting and operating mechanism to effect relative shifting between differential elements in the reproduction, at a rate which is arbitrarily predeterminable at all points of the work.

69. In a machine of the class described, a model holder, a model wheel, a work holder and a work contacting tool, supporting and operating means for these four instrumentalities constructed and arranged to cause relative systematic reproductional movement between the model instrumentalities and the work instrumentalities respectively, the relation between the work instrumentalities being governed primarily by the relation between the model instrumentalities to produce systematic reproduction of differential elements of the model in the work, and driving mechanism Jfor compounding With'the normal reproduction action of a said instrumentality a movement to veect a shifting between reproduced differential elements in the work at a rate which is arbitrarily predeterminable at all points of the work.

70. That improvement in the art of producing solid objects having a syetematic resemblance to a solid pattern which consists in controlling the relation between the work and a work contacting tool by the relation between a model and a model guide to reproduce differential elements of the model according to a pantographic law, and effecting a movement of one of the said elements ndependent of its action incidental to pantographic reproduction to effect relative shifting oi reproduced differential model elements, at a rate which is arbitrarily prede terminable at all points of the work.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

EDWIN J. PRINDLE. 

